History of a Famous Diamond - The Hope Diamond

By Luo Fu Sheng on August 10, 2011
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One of the most famous diamonds in history, the Hope diamond, came from India and weighed 112 3/16 carats when it was acquired around 1642 by French merchant Jean Baptiste Tavernier,Cartier Love Yellow Gold Bracelet in Open Circle with Screws Sur, who was struck by its "beautiful violet" color. He sold it to the King of France, Louis XIV, who had it re-cut to a 67 1/8 carat stone which royal inventories thereafter listed as the Blue Diamond of the Crown of France. The blue diamond passed through ownership by French and British royalty, famed jeweler Pierre Cartier, and U.S. socialites before it was purchased by jeweler Harry Winston along with the 94.8 carat Star of the East diamond, 1949. In 1958, Winston donated the Hope diamond to the Smithsonian Institution, where it quickly became a star attraction.

Resetting and re-cuttings over the centuries reduced the Hope diamond to its present 45.52 carats, 40% of its original size. Today, it is set in a spectacular pendant surrounded by sixteen white diamonds, and still attracts countless admirers at the Smithsonian.

The Hope Diamond was long believed to have been cut from the French Blue, but this remained unconfirmed until a three-dimensional leaden model of the latter was recently rediscovered in the archives of the French Natural History Museum in Paris. Previously, the dimensions of the French Blue had been known only from two drawings made in 1749 and 1789; although the model slightly differs from the drawings in some details, these details are identical to features of the Hope Diamond, allowing CAD technology to digitally reconstruct the French Blue around the re-cut stone.

Many superlatives have been used to describe the hope diamond as a "superfine deep blue", often comparing it to the color of a fine sapphire "blue of the most beautiful blue sapphire". As colored diamond expert Stephen Hofer points out, blue diamond similar to the Hope can be shown by colorimetric measurements to be grayer than blue sapphires. In 1996, it was examined by using of proprietary scale, graded it fancy deep grayish blue. Visually, the gray modifier is so dark that it produces an "inky" effect appearing almost blackish-blue in incandescent light. Current photographs of the Hope utilize high-intensity light sources that tend to maximize the brilliance of gemstones.

Even jewelers who may have handled the Hope Diamond were not spared from its reputed malice: The insanity and suicide of Jacques Colot, who supposedly bought it from Eliason, and the financial ruin of the jeweler Simon Frankel, who bought it from the Hope family, were linked to the stone. But although he is documented as a French diamond dealer of the correct era, Colot has no recorded connection with the stone,Cartier love bracelet 18-carat pink gold diamonds, and Frankel's misfortunes were in the midst of economic straits that also ruined many of his peers.

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Buy Cheap Price Breitling Replica Watches Top Quality At Fashionwatches4sale

By Endeavor Su on May 11, 2011
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Fashionwatches4sale.com offers the high class Breitling Replica Watches that you can afford with the guarantee of quality and full compliance with the original product unlike the fake Breitling you may be offered elsewhere. Still our Breitling replicas don't cost a fortune! Purchase now and make sure you get a quality watch! Fashionwatches4sale.com offers the top class replica Breitling that you can acquiesce with the agreement of quality and abounding acquiescence with the aboriginal artefact clashing the affected Breitling you may be offered elsewhere. Still our Breitling replicas don't amount a fortune! Purchase now and accomplish abiding you get a quality watch! Breitling is a cast of Swiss watches from Grenchen, Canton of Solothurn. The watchmaker offers Certified Chronometers advised primarily for aerodynamics use, admitting a lot of frequently beat as high-end affluence watches. Breitling's watches action aerodynamics functions, admitting their alarm functions accept become added of cachet symbols than about activated tools. They about accept a sample face for bigger afterimage and to acquiesce affectation of added advice on the analog dials.

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Telephones Have Also Become Conduits of Unwanted Advertising

By Jacqueline Smith on August 06, 2010
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Ads are also included in faxed newspapers,Cartier pearl necklace, which usually are two- or three-page summaries of the day's top stories sent to businesses that cannot get same-day delivery. The Hartford Courant, the first newspaper to provide a fax service, started in April 1989. The Courant continues to produce Omega Replica its fax paper, which now has a readership of several thousand, but has discontinued the sale of its bottom-of-the-page $100 ads. The New York Times "Times Fax," however, which is sent all over the world, to seventy-eight Caribbean resorts and sixty-four cruise ships, considers advertising a big part of its publication and offers various special editions as vehicles for its advertisers.

Some advertising is faxed directly and without invitation to the fax machines of those owning them. Unlike junk mail, whose cost is borne by the sender, junk faxes involuntarily cost the receiver, who winds up paying in paper and toner costs for the printing of often unwanted messages. In December 1991, President Bush signed legislation to permit those who do not wish to receive junk faxes to enter their names on a list. Advertisers who transmitted to the fax machines on that list would be violating the law.

Telephones have also become conduits of unwanted advertising. We assume that most of our readers have at one time or another rushed to their phone expecting a call from a friend, only to hear a recorded voice telling them that they have won a trip or prize or were eligible to receive a deep discount on magazines. Such intrusive use of the telephone can be life-endangering when the numbers reached are those of the fire station, the police department, or a hospital's emergency line. By tying up the line, the advertiser blocks the access of those who need to reach the hospital or the fire or police station.

Some people also contend that these calls are an invasion of personal privacy, particularly when, through random-digit dialing, they reach individuals who have paid to have their phone numbers unlisted. A 1990 U.S. Congress Energy and Commerce Committee report revealed that "more than 180,000 solicitors call more than 7 million Americans every day with recorded messages sent by automatic dialers, and more than 2 million businesses send more than 30 billion pages of information by fax each year." Legislation in 1992 required telephone solicitors to provide their name, business, and business phone or address. These regulations are applicable Tag Heuer Carrera Replica to both live and recorded messages. Direct marketers have been steadily moving toward fully automated systems; the percentage of all telemarketing solicitations that were automated rose 10 percent between 1994 and 1997, reaching 41 percent in 1997.

In other words,Cartier Heart Motif of Cartier Necklace, television, radio, and newspapers are not the only conduits of advertising, and many forms of advertising do not appear in purchased time or space. This chapter focuses on advertising found in the mass media, however, because without this advertising the mass media as we know them in the United States would not exist.

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A Lange & Sohne Replica Watches for Unique Pleasure

By Michael on September 23, 2009
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For 100 years, A. Lange & Söhne pocket watches were among the most coveted timepieces in the world - until World War II when A. Lange & Söhne was forced into a 50-year hiatus. In 1990, immediately after Germany was reunited, Ferdinand Adolph Lange's great grandson Walter Lange re-established the Lange Brand. 1994 The comeback: Germany re-established its reputation as a source of high-grade horology when the first Lange watches of the new era are presented in Dresden. 2000 Lange joins Richemont Group. There was no replica A Lange & Sohne watch yet.

Today, Lange is again crafting horological masterpieces "Made in Germany" - indeed, A. Lange & Söhne watches are now every bit as precious and unique as in the grand old days.

For the future, Actual Lange watches are created in the traditional high standards of the earlier generations of classical watches made by A. Lange & Söhne. Maybe you will be interested in our Replica A Lange & Sohne Langematik Watches(

A. Lange & Sohne's level of excellence in its timepieces has been particularly showcased with the worldwide launch of the latest Lange achievement, the Lange 1 Time Zone. Faithful to its conception of haute horlogerie, which must ally beauty, readability and simplicity of use, Lange chose two decentred dials each with its own independent day/night indicator.

A must have for the replica watch enthusiast is Replica A. Lange & Sohne watch. The replica A. Lange & Sohne models that must not be missed as it stays very true to the original . Take a look at Replica A Lange & Sohne Saxonia Watches. View the entire A Lange & Sohne replica series here at fashion-rep1ica.com and select your ideal A Lange & Sohne Replica Watch. Or we can make some recommendations here:

Replica A Lange & Sohne Langematik Big Date Mens Watch( The 18k White Gold case will complement any skin tone. 18k White Gold is a classic color case that will never go out of style. The elegant Black dial, will make your watch look sophisticated and timeless.

A Lange & Sohne Langematik Big Date Mens Replica Watch: The Sapphire Crystal Display back case back blends in perfectly with the style of this elegant watch. If you are looking for a watch that has more then just a time function,wedding bands Cartier, this watch also has a Automatic Two-digit Big Date at 12 calendar function.

Replica A Lange & Sohne Saxonia Automatik Mens Watch 315.033: The bracelet on the watch is Leather - Brown Crocodile so it will match everything you wear. This watch has a 46-hour power reserve power reserve,Cartier love earrings for womens, so you will always know the date and time.

A Lange & Sohne Grand Saxonia Automatik Mens Replica Watch 307.026: The elegant Silver dial, will make your watch look sophisticated and timeless. The Sapphire Crystal Display back case back blends in perfectly with the style of this elegant watch.

Replica A Lange & Sohne Lange Double Split Mens Watch 404.035: The Platinum Tang Buckle watch clasp, will make sure you won't lose your watch, but is still easy to remove when you want to take it off. The bezel is also made of Platinum, a very stylish material.

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The IWC Perpetual Calendar Mechanism Replica Watch With Best Quality on The Site

By Haitang Yu on December 08, 2010
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MASTER GRANDE REVEIL The 43mm Master Grande Reveil offers both an alarm function(with chime or vibration modes)and perpetual calendar.Available in stainless steel,pink gold or 950 platinum,it houses the mechanical automatic Caliber 909/1 with Wholesale Replica watches 363 parts and and 36 jewels.offers a 24-hour indicator and moonphase indicators for both hemispheres.The 1000 Hours Control seal is engraved on the pink-gold and platinum Master Grande Reveil casebacks. QUANTIEME PERPETUEL EMAIL NOIR ABSOLU-REF.J008334210 The Quantieme Perpetuel by Jaquet Droz is a full-fledged horological masterpiece.The interplay of hands is particularly representative of this keen sense of melding Haute Horlogerie with poetry.The serpentine hands Rolex SeaDweller Replica are reserved for the Calendar functions-months,days and date-with a double-with a double-retrograde indication of the day and date,while the Lancine-type hands are dedicated to the time functions-central hour and minute indication and large seconds subdial at 6:00.

TORIC RETROGRADE PERPETUAL CALENDAR LUNA BLU-REF.PF0011588-01 Luna Blu's perpetual calendar offers day,retrograde date,month,leap year,and high-precision moonphase in the northern and southern hemispheres.The proprietary mechanical self-winding PF Calibe 333 has Rolex Prince Replica 45-hour power reserve,32 jewels,a 22K oscillating weight,hand-beveled bridges and beats at 28,800 vph.The 18K white-gold case is available with or without diamonds(1.6 carats of brilliant-cut,3 carats of baguette-cut)and the blue lacquered 18K dial has a semi-matte circular satin-brushed rim for the date with blue transferred numerals separated by brilliant-cut sapphires.Brilliant-cutdiamonds form Ursa Minor,Cetus,Lyra,and Corona Borealis.The watch comes on a Hermes crocodile leather strap. TORIC RETROGRADE PERPETUAL CALENDAR-REF.PF002614 This mechanical self-winding watch houses the PF 333 caliber,created in house with a 22-karat gold oscillating weight and hand-beveled bridges.Beating at 28,800 vibrations per hour,the watch offers day,month,leap year,moonphase indicator and retrograde date.It is crafted in 18-karat rose gold with a slate-gray and rose-gold dial. PERPETUAL CALENDAR-REF.5140 Housed in a three-part 18K white-gold 37.2mm case, this Perpetual Calendar beats to the mechanical automatic-winding Patek Philippe 240 Qcaliber.The movement,with 22K off-centered micro-rotor,cartier love bracelet bangle w serial number,features the Geneva Seal and is decorated with a Cotes de Geneve pattern.The perpetual calendar offers 24-hour indication,day,date,cartier love charity bracelet sale,month,year,and moonphase,plus hour and minute.Water resistant to 2.5atm,the watch features a silvered solid gold dial with applied gold markers and hands. ANNUAL CALENDAR-REF.5146/1 This superb Annual Calendar with date,day,month and moonphase takes the days of the every month except February into account.It is powered by the automatic-winding Patek Philippe 315 S IRM QU LU manufacture caliber,decorated with a Cotes de Geneve pattern and beveled,bearing a 21K gold Rolex Milgauss Replica rotor and power reserve.

The 18K white-gold three-piece case bears a curved sapphire crystal and the exquisite movement can be viewed through a sapphire caseback.The cream-colored dial is hand enameled and features applied gold numerals,markers and hands.The white-gold bracelet features a white-gold double-fold-over clasp. ANNUAL CALENDAR-REF.5146P Crafted in 950 platuinum,this Annual Calendar houses the proprietary mechanical automatic-winding Patek Philippe 315 S IRM QU LU manufacture caliber that is decorated with a Cotes de Geneve pattern .It offers Rolex Masterpiece Replica hour,minute,second,power reserve and annual calendar(date,day,month,moonphase).The calendar takes the days of a month into account over an entire year,except for February,which means it must be manually changed on March 1st.This Annual Calendar features a slate-gray dial and hand-stitched alligator strap. ANNUAL CALENDAR-REF.4937 This Calatrava cased Annual Calendar watch houses the mechanical automatic-winding Patek Philippe 315 S QA LU manufacture caliber with 21K gold rotor.Decorated with a Cotes de Geneve pattern,the watch is Rolex AirKing Replica hallmarked with the Geneva Seal.Its functions include hour,minutes,seconds,annual calendar(date,day,month,moonphase).Crafted in 18K white gold,the model is paved with three carats of diamonds.The dial features an engraved Calatravea Cross at 6:00.

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Zenith Watches - Offering Reliability and Elegance

By Steve Miklashevskiy on November 23, 2009
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With over a century of history behind the brand,cartier love bracelet rose gold price, Zenith watches offer a classic elegance that stands apart from trendier models. Founded by Georges Favres-Jacot in 1865 at the tender age of 22, this brand was one of the earliest watch manufacturers to craft entire watches from removable parts that could be taken out and repaired. This allows for the highest level of accuracy. Jacot was influenced by the movements of the stars around their axis, and this led to the creation of the brand name, "Zenith." Like the cosmos, the inner workings of time revolve in a natural simplicity that is reflected in the design of the watches.

Zenith watches come in a variety of styles that have changed over the years to match trends. With an array of different dial face and strap options, you can customize your purchase to best match your personality and wardrobe. The straps are crafted from high-quality materials including crocodile skin. Backgrounds tend to have an astrological theme, mirroring the origins of the brand. A warranty and guarantee is included in the sale price, making sure that your watch is built to last. These watches are made for both men and women. The ladies' watches feature daintier models, with delicate touches of quartz and luxurious strap fabrics, cut more thinly to offset thinner wrists. There truly is a model for everyone with this brand,cartier love bangle rose gold, making it a classic choice for gift giving.

Naturally the most important factor aside from style in a watch is the ability to reliably tell time. Zenith watches are some of the industry's most reliable timepieces. The brand has won numerous awards in trade shows and fair throughout the 20th century, all over the world. The precision with which these watches are crafted is truly striking. The newest award-winning model is called the "Elite" and is crafted with intense precision, since 1995. This Swiss brand has been applauded time and time again for their constant innovations in timepiece manufacture, and continue to conduct research to further the brand.

For your next luxury watch purchase, choose a time piece that is part of the gold standard in watch making. With so many styles and a long and storied history, Zenith watches are a long-term purchase that can be passed down as heirlooms to generations to come. To view a selection of these watches as well as other luxury brands, please visit www.worldofluxuryus.com. There you will find the most up-to-date options.

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Physicians Stressed Avoid Eye Fatigue Caused by Using Computer

By Serena Du on February 22, 2011
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1.#Relieve eyestrain best way is to let the eye rest. 2 hours per computer to a break of 10 to 15 minutes, this time the landscape outside the window can be seen from afar, they do not focus at close range with the eyes, have a rest effect.

2.#Heat around the eye or eyeball massage. Doctor said the hot towel or handkerchief covering the eyes (and eyes closed), 1 to 2 times per day, each heat for 10-15 minutes. You can also gently massage with the thumb around the orbital bone, starting from the orbit above the medial, lateral eye along the bone to the massage, and then the nose toward the eyes to move in the direction that each point refers to the pressure of about 10-20 or so.

3.#The screen brightness should be about three times of ambient light, do not let the light and indoor lights outside the window on the screen caused by reflection. Soft interior lighting,cartier love bracelet price yellow gold, avoid direct exposure, if there reflective, should be adjusted to light or change the screen position to eliminate reflection. Best on the screen before the installation of special micro-filter or goggles. When a dust screen, the computer must be dedicated lens tissue to clean, so to increase visibility.

4.#Put the text you want to enter next to screen, as close as possible to reduce the rotation of the neck and eyes, and focus changes. Displayed on the screen to enlarge the font size and the distance between the lines, for readability, reduce the burden on the eyes. In addition, the multi-wetting eye can blink of an eye, to prevent dry eyes. If the eyes are not the best eye doctor checks to find and not to apply eye drops arbitrarily.

5, Computer display device is also one of the factors of eye fatigue. Doctors suggest that the top of the screen is slightly below the line of sight of 10-15 degrees; angle should be adjusted to allow users to read comfortably appropriate. 14-inch screen from the eyes and to keep at least 60 cm, 70 cm, 15 inches is best to have a buffer; screen, the greater the distance and so on.

Keyboard and the seat height so that the main users of comfort, the keyboard should be adjusted to typing,cartier love bracelet price gold, forearms parallel with the ground; the computer chair is better to have back, no handrails, enough to support the body's adjustment of seats, adjust the chair body to allow your feet flat on the ground.

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